Stromanthe 'ROTOLANTE10'

Stromanthe stromanthoides 'ROTOLANTE10' is a cultivar selection belonging to Stromanthe stromanthoides (J.F.Macbr.) L.Andersson, a species in the family Marantaceae. Stromanthe stromanthoides was first described by J.F. Macbride as Myrosma stromanthoides in 1931, then transferred to Stromanthe by Sten Andersson and published as Stromanthe stromanthoides (J.F.Macbr.) L.Andersson in Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 236 in 1981 [2]. The GBIF Backbone Taxonomy accepts this name under species key 2761275, recording the basionym Myrosma stromanthoides J.F.Macbr. as a synonym, and Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) likewise accepts the same combination [2][3].

The parent species is documented by Plants of the World Online as native to western South America and Brazil (Acre), occurring principally in the wet tropical biome [3]. The GBIF Backbone Taxonomy records occurrence data for the species across Brazil North, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru [2]. Stromanthe Sond. is a Neotropical genus of Marantaceae established by Wilhelm Sonder in 1849 and is estimated to comprise approximately 13 species.

U.S. Plant Patent PP25760, granted on 2015-07-28, describes 'ROTOLANTE10' as a new and distinct variety of Stromanthe stromanthoides [1]. The registry classifies this cultivar as a selection, consistent with the patent's account of its derivation from a naturally occurring, single plant mutation.

The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) distinguishes three name classes that may attach to a horticultural plant: a registered cultivar epithet, a trade designation, and a patent denomination. Each class has a distinct legal and nomenclatural status, and they are not interchangeable.

Patent denomination. U.S. Plant Patent PP25760, published by the USPTO on 2015-07-28, records ROTOLANTE10 as the denomination of the patented plant variety [1]. The denomination as stated in the patent is the primary record for this name.

Cultivar epithet. The ICNCP requires a cultivar epithet to be enclosed in single quotation marks: 'ROTOLANTE10'. The character string is the same as the patent denomination, but a patent denomination and a registered cultivar epithet are distinct name classes. No International Cultivar Registration Authority has been appointed for Marantaceae; accordingly, the denomination 'ROTOLANTE10' has not been registered with any cultivar registration authority, because no such authority exists for this family [1]. The International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) maintains the list of appointed registration authorities, and Marantaceae does not appear on it.

Trade designation. U.S. Plant Patent PP25760 is silent on the matter of any trade designation associated with 'ROTOLANTE10', and no authoritative source for such a designation has been located [1]. No trade designation is therefore recorded for this cultivar.

The registry records both the accepted epithet and the patent denomination as separate name rows, reflecting the two distinct name classes that the same character string occupies. No nomenclatural evidence rows exist for this cultivar beyond those two entries.

U.S. Plant Patent PP25760 names Denis Rotolante of Homestead, Florida as inventor and Silver Krome Gardens Inc of Homestead, Florida as assignee [1]. The registry records Denis Rotolante as sole originator in the cultivar row, consistent with the inventor field of the granted patent record USPP25760P3 as reproduced by Google Patents. A discrepancy exists between this record and the published patent application US20140215672P1, which lists both Denis Rotolante and Charles W. McDaniel as inventors; the registry genus summary, sourced from the same patent, also records McDaniel as co-inventor. This conflict requires resolution against the USPTO primary record; the article does not adopt either side silently [1].

The patent states that the predecessor plant of 'ROTOLANTE10' was collected in South America; no more specific country or locality of collection is named in the primary record [1]. The predecessor plant was placed into tissue culture, during which somaclonal variations occurred. 'ROTOLANTE10' was then discovered and selected from a naturally occurring, single plant mutation within a population of Stromanthe plants growing in a controlled greenhouse environment in Homestead, Florida [1].

The patent further states that 'ROTOLANTE10' was first propagated via vegetative cuttings in the summer of 2002 in Homestead, Florida, and has been asexually reproduced by vegetative cuttings and tissue culture in Homestead, Florida for 12 generations [1]. No year of establishment distinct from this first-propagation date is recorded in the primary patent document; the registry field year_established is null, consistent with the absence of such a date in the primary record.

The patent application number is US13/815,093, with a filing date of 2013-01-30 [1].

U.S. Plant Patent PP25760 was filed on 2013-01-30 and granted on 2015-07-28, with Silver Krome Gardens Inc of Homestead, Florida named as assignee [1]. Under U.S. law, a plant patent grants the right to exclude others from asexually reproducing, using, offering for sale, or selling the patented plant variety within the United States for a term of 20 years from the filing date. The Google Patents record for USPP25760P3 displays a legal-events entry showing active status with a calculated expiry date of 2033-06-02 [1]; the registry field patent_expires_on is currently null, and this calculated date should be verified against the USPTO primary record before that field is populated.

The patent states that Plant Breeder's Rights for this variety had not been applied for at the time of filing [1]. No other intellectual-property registrations for 'ROTOLANTE10' are recorded in any authoritative source located during research.

As noted in the Names section, no International Cultivar Registration Authority has been appointed for Marantaceae, and the patent denomination therefore exists solely under U.S. intellectual-property law. Digital Towns maintains this registry as an aggregator; it is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operating under the ISHS or any appointed cultivar registration authority.

U.S. Plant Patent PP25760 describes the most outstanding distinguishing characteristics of 'ROTOLANTE10' as including bright, broad leaf variegation, a compact growth habit, short petioles, and tolerance to a broad range of light regimes [1]. These characters are asserted in the patent relative to other Stromanthe varieties; no formal comparison taxon is named in the patent abstract or specification as reproduced in the primary record [1].

The patent records that 'ROTOLANTE10' has retained its distinctive characteristics through 12 generations of asexual reproduction by vegetative cuttings and tissue culture [1]. No additional morphological description sourced from a peer-reviewed or equivalent authority has been located beyond what the primary patent record states. Limited authoritative sources available; further research needed.

The primary documented source for 'ROTOLANTE10' is U.S. Plant Patent PP25760, filed 2013-01-30 and granted 2015-07-28, available from the USPTO and indexed by Google Patents [1]. The parent species Stromanthe stromanthoides (J.F.Macbr.) L.Andersson is documented by the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (species key 2761275) and by Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), both of which accept the 1981 combination published by Sten Andersson in Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 236 [2][3].

No International Cultivar Registration Authority has been appointed for Marantaceae. The ISHS maintains the list of appointed ICRAs; Marantaceae does not appear on it. In the absence of an appointed authority, no cultivar in Stromanthe or any other Marantaceae genus can be formally registered under the ICNCP. The denomination 'ROTOLANTE10' is therefore documented exclusively as a patent denomination under U.S. intellectual-property law; it has not been registered with any cultivar registration authority, because no such authority exists for this family [1].

The registry records the patent denomination alongside the accepted cultivar epithet to document name-class distinctions that would be relevant to any future registration authority appointed for Marantaceae. Beyond the primary patent record and the taxonomic sources for the parent species, limited authoritative sources available; further research needed.